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VICTORIA 2 RESEARCH POINTS TRIAL

Jung, which is implicated in the decline of Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart) ( Scott et al., 2009 Scott et al., 2012), was also regularly isolated from marri exhibiting a crown decline in urban and peri-urban sites of SWWA ( Barber et al., 2013).Д®xtensive mapping for Phytophthora has been conducted in the jarrah forest since 1978 ( Dell et al., 2005). Many of these Phytophthora species proved to be pathogenic to marri in pot infestation trials ( Belhaj et al., 2018 Croeser et al., 2018 Migliorini et al., 2019). In recent years more Phytophthora species have been described from soils in the jarrah forest ( Burgess et al., 2009). cinnamomi infection ( Croeser et al., 2018). cinnamomi ( Shearer and Tippett, 1989), recent studies have concluded that marri is also susceptible to waterlogging damage ( Farifr and Aboglila, 2015) and to P. Though marri is considered more tolerant to waterlogging than jarrah and field-resistant to P.

cinnamomi is the only cause of the jarrah dieback, and discusses the possibility that the jarrah deaths could have been caused by waterlogging, or the combination of waterlogging damage and P. Recent work by Davison (2015) disputes that P. cinnamomi spores, as Phytophthora dieback in the jarrah forest is often associated with sites where the topography of the sites make the accumulation of water possible. Wet field conditions in the jarrah forest favour the spread and sporulation of P. The jarrah trees in the forest were observed to be dying back as early as the 1930s, and in the 1960s Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands was identified as the cause of this dieback ( Podger et al., 1965 Podger, 1972). Johnson (marri) is a keystone species in this forest, growing alongside jarrah, contributing to a uniform overstorey. The jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata Sm.) forest in the biodiversity hotspot of southwest Western Australia is a dry sclerophyll forest. This study demonstrates that reflectance spectroscopy holds promise for characterizing marri response but more work needs to be done to identify the optimum wavelengths for identifying Phytophthora and waterlogging stress with marri.

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cinnamomi, waterlogging and elapsed time in the first trial was significant for water band index ( PвЂ‰=вЂ‰0.010). Six of the VIs (normalized difference nitrogen index 2, anthocyanin reflectance index 1, photochemical reflectance index, Carter index 1, Vogelman index 3 and water band index) were able to track the biochemical changes in the leaves over the 10В weeks, confirming the seasonal trend. The NDSI heat maps indicated that the Phytophthora and waterlogging treatment effects were strongest correlated with bandwidths in the visible and near-infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum (538вЂ“558 nm and 701вЂ“709 nm). Reflectance values plotted against wavelength displayed differences between treatments as well as a seasonal trend. In the second trial, the waterlogging treatment significantly lowered plant top dry weight ( PвЂ‰=вЂ‰0.016) and diameter ( PвЂ‰=вЂ‰0.044). The Phytophthora treatments did not cause significant differences with the biophysical measurements in both trials. Narrowband vegetation indices (VIs), utilizing different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, were also calculated from the spectral data. Normalized difference spectral index (NDSI) was calculated for every combination of reflectance values between 4В nm for all time points, correlated with the treatment effects and displayed as heat maps. Plant biophysical measurements were taken at harvest time.

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Spectral measurements with a portable high-resolution spectroradiometer were taken weekly. multivora in two glasshouse trials and waterlogged for 24В h each fortnight. Twelve-month old marri plants were infected with either P. Traditional methods (i.e., field surveys and sampling) of mapping Phytophthora root infection in the field are time-consuming and expensive thus, the potential of reflectance spectroscopy to characterize marri response to Phytophthora and waterlogging stress was investigated.

Phytophthora root disease and waterlogging have often been cited as contributing to this decline. The health of Corymbia calophylla (marri), a keystone tree species in the native forests of southwest Western Australia, has been in decline for the past few decades.

Victoria 2 research points